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Alkanol amine
MEA
DEA
MDEA
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Hot potassium carbonate
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Irreversible
Caustic Scrubbing
Calsium Sulfate Copro.
Chemical absorption processes
The chemical absorption process is based on reaction phenomena between specific acid gas and solvent to form salt(s) as salt-rich solution. All the gas absorption methods, except for caustic scrubbing process and calsium sulfate co-production process with irreversible reactions, enable to decompose the product salt back to the original acid gas by heating the rich solution and the solution is recirculated as lean solution to absorber after regeneration.
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In the alkanolamine processes, generally called 'amine processes', acid gas reacts with the solvent and form a complex as salt. When the temperature of the solvent is increased and the pressure is decreased, the complex salt(s) is decomposed and acid gases are released. The process flow schemes are bacically same as the figure below for all chemical absorption processes.
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Feed gas is contacted with the solvent in absorber.The solution including such a salt(s) flows via heat exchager to regenerator, where acid gas is desorbed from the solvent at reduced pressure with steam regenerated by reboiling. The acid gas leaves the regenerator overhead system after condensation of the stripping steam. The stripped solvent is returned to absorber via lean-rich solvent heat exchanger and cooler.
The hot carbonate process, having no lean-rich solvent heat exchanger and operating generally at higher temperature than amine processes to be above the melting point of the solvent, sometimes uses single-stream, split-flow or two-stage process configurations as shown in the figures below respectively.
Note that the latest process schemes for GV, Carsol and Benfield processes are all enhanced with new activator and enforced flash regeneration. Most of the proprietary alkanolamine processes have also executed similar enforcement. Please click the corresponding menu for tese processes.
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